Legal regulation of the sex work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lawful guideline of the sex work - Essay Example Against the foundation of the legacy of Canadian laws on prostitution or sex working, this paper talks about how prostitution laws in Canada right now stand and mulls over law authorization designs, just as the non-implementation designs. It likewise talk about what or who is being constrained by sex working laws and their requirement. The historical backdrop of legal guideline of sex working in Canada is one of the countrys intercession to attempt to bring to a stop prostitution under open inconvenience arrangements in and endeavors to use the Contagious Diseases Act in Canada during the 1870s, just as the 1880s (Moscucci, 2012). From around 1910, each Canadian state started utilizing criminal laws on sex working, wherein the demonstration of sex working itself isn't an illicit demonstration, yet different prostitution-related occasions are viewed as unlawful. These guidelines are for the most part dependent on Canadian laws on notwithstanding under-matured people on territories utilized by whores, requesting, house of ill-repute keeping and leasing rooms to whores (Moscucci, 2012). The heritage of Canadian law acquired four remarkable components from English law on prostitution. First was the weight on guideline of prostitution under the presence of open irritation guidelines or the shirking of inconvenience. Under the Criminal Code, it is unlawful for a sex specialist to openly plead or request with a point of offering themselves to other people and furthermore under the Canadian 1959 Street Offenses directed that whores are probably going to make inconvenience or unsettling influence just on account of their quality, regardless of whether nobody is irritated (Moscucci, 2012). Furthermore, the basic expression, basic whore that applies to ladies alone, at first showed up in the 1822 English Vagrancy Act and was later consolidated into Canadian law concerning sex working. The impact is that law requirement officials can disregard various customs so as to capture basic sex laborers (Moscucci, 2012). Thirdly, the 1864 Contagious

Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching Essay

Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching - Essay Example The inquiry that looms over my psyche at whatever point confronted with an absolutely new encounter is, ‘Am I prepared to take on the challenges?’ Without an answer, I typically continue to do what is asked, adhere to the principles, and trust in the best. Luckily, the methods for dealing with stress I apply have attempted to cause me to change in time. In any case, these instruments, combined with a positive mien, are not a confirmation to prevail in the college. There are abilities that I need to create so as to make it to the last occasion, the school graduation. Luckily, I am not the only one in confronting the difficulties of college life. The school, through its program, Introduction to Degree Studies (IDS) causes me to feel certain that help is accessible to universal understudies like me each time we need it. Continuously, the feelings of trepidation I had during the main seven day stretch of my investigations have changed into difficulties and later to undertaki ngs attributable to the taking in I picked up from the course. The requirements of another understudy, particularly an outside national, are unique in relation to the necessities of ordinary understudies. Customary understudies can adjust quicker to their condition in spite of being new to the college since they have emotionally supportive networks to control them, for example, their family, companions, and network. Conversely, remote understudies have nobody to go to in the midst of hardship. In spite of the fact that they can generally call up home or sign on the net to speak with their friends and family, it is as yet not equivalent to having their loved ones close to them particularly in the midst of hardship. This experience, notwithstanding the obstructions brought by language and culture, is exacerbated by the battles outside understudies experience in adapting to class necessities. Considering the troubles that must be tended to by every understudy, IDS, with its objective o f controlling new understudies, is an insightful exertion by the school. Through IDS, outside understudies are allowed to demonstrate their value and exceed expectations in scholastics. The qualities I picked up from going to IDS are boundless. Most importantly, the course has driven me to pick up bits of knowledge about myself as a student. The VARK evaluations done in the course have guided me to understand my learning potential and to improve my learning propensities. The activities educated me that I am a visual-sensation student. In light of this, I understood that I have a great deal to change about the manners in which I learn. My past learning propensities are not in accordance with being a visual-sensation student. Considering this, I have changed the manner in which I study, and make it a point presently to peruse my exercises while recording highlights simultaneously. Once in a while I utilized a whiteboard and a marker to write down my notes. Thusly, I get the chance to boost my visual-sensation potential. By the by, I additionally attempt to build up my sound-related aptitudes by tuning in to some music or radio news before resting. Up until now, this has helped me focus and imagine the words I hear even without seeing them. Furthermore, IDS has guided me to learn new abilities, which are similarly significant in college examines. One aptitude I improved with the assistance of IDS is my composing expertise. Previously, I never utilized a framework to manage my considerations recorded as a hard copy pieces. I just composed whatever came up my brain, and never tried to write down and sort out my thoughts before composing. Through IDS, I understood that all that I compose ought to be founded on a blueprint. There ought to be a legitimate presentation, body and end, or, in all likelihood the organization won't be viewed as a scholarly composition. The acquaintance arranges the perusers with the issue being handled in the content, while the end emphasi zes the contentions introduced and gives the author’s separating message to tie up free endings.

Haters Gonna Hate 10 Ways to Use Haters as Fuel for Success

Haters Gonna Hate 10 Ways to Use Haters as Fuel for Success In every aspect of our daily life motivation is the key factor which allows us to achieve our set goals and strivings.Whether it be business or personal goals, our self-confidence is sometimes not enough to make us want to accomplish greater things, but rather other people’s opinions as well.And this is important mainly because we cant understand how our work is seen through other viewpoints just by our personal beliefs and expectations.What I’m trying to say is that in order for us to know if we are doing something the right way we need to see how other people react to it and accept that not everyone is going to be in favor of our work.It’s impossible for everyone to agree on one thing and that’s basic human nature.This is what makes us all unique and this world wouldn’t evolve to this stage that we are in right now if this wasn’t the case.LOVE VS. HATEPeople more often than not will agree to anything which is related to their personal beliefs and will approve your work if it meets their own goals.But a pat on the back for doing great work is sometimes not enough in order to be more successful and understand if you made a possible mistake.This is where the haters come in.Hate similar to love is a strong emotion and sometimes the line between both emotions is so thin that one quickly becomes the other with one huge mistake or large success.We need to stop trying to understand why people hate something but rather accept, embrace and use that hate so we can learn from our mistakes, deal with conflicts and suppress our won anger towards people who think differently from us.1. Accept Other Peoples OpinionLet’s say you are selling an amazing product online and you see the reviews are filled with people who are pleased with the product explaining what they like about it and suddenly you come across someone whose opinion differs from everybody else’s.Maybe the product didnt match their desires or they simply dont like one feature, either way, they will simply try to explain what they don’t like about the product or just straight up hate the product altogether.This is normal and perfectly fine, use this to your advantage and always try to hear different opinions in order to understand more about what people think and expect from you.2. Constructive CriticismDon’t look at the hate as hate, even if someone completely discards your entire work by nitpicking every single detail which he or she thinks is wrong with your work, look at it as a guidance tool to see if something really is wrong and go from that.Haters go in with the attempt to discourage you, but sometimes they don’t understand that they are giving you a valuable source of feedback which you can’t find among people who are satisfied with your work.When you extract constructive criticism from hate, you are left with a blueprint for future development and improvement which is critical for your success in both short and long term business.To put this in perspective of the example I gave earlier when you see a review of your product which completely bashes all aspects of it, next time when you release a different product which matches the haters’ interests you should expect to see less hateful reviews.By doing this you are showing your consumers that you listen to what they say and dont get demotivated by few hate comments but rather use them as a fuel for improvement and new ideas.Keep in mind that no matter what you do to improve not only your business but also personal life that haters will always exist and theyll try to point fingers at anything that they dont like.As I said, learn from this and you will have no problem climbing the steps for success.3. Dealing with ConflictI’m a calm person by nature but even I sometimes get angry when I see that my efforts aren’t appreciated like I expected them to be.However, what I learned is that no matter how much the hate affects you, never let it control your life and possibly make you spew hatr ed back because you won’t be able to move the next step further in your personal development.Instead what you should do is try to cope with the hate and try to understand why someone hates the things you are doing.Im going to make a list about why people hate later, but for now, bear in mind three things:Hate is pure and natural emotion â€" Some people can better explain why they hate someone or something than why they love it.Hate brings fame â€" I know no one likes to be hated but if you are liked by many and hated by few, even that small minority will talk about you giving meaning to your work without even realizing it.Be the better person â€" As I said, you shouldnt act the same way as haters do by hating on them, instead, you should be thankful for their comments because you can pull out helpful advice so try to be as kind as possible when you are dealing with haters. 4. Haters Bring ViewsIm going to give you a more specific example of how haters can actually boost your succe ss and even profit by redirecting your attention to YouTube advertisement.In this modern era where billions of people watch YouTube every day and follow certain content creators or listen to their favorite artists, we can all notice that advertisement is placed in almost every single video.Some people dont mind the ads but some really hate them, for companies, on the other hand, they are a huge source of income and I will explain how haters have an impact on them.YouTube drama â€" Anyone who watches popular content creators will certainly know what I’m talking about. When there is an argument between two or more YouTubers, the audience goes crazy and they stack up views and more views mean more advertisements are being viewed so it’s a win-win situation for everyone.Hate comments â€" Following the cycle of the drama, people who have something negative to say will rush to the videos the drama is about and will post hateful comments and again this brings views to the creator and p rofit to your company.Hot topic â€" Some dramas end very fast, but some still catch peoples’ attention even if it is old news so there are going to be more videos on that topic meaning that the chance of your advertisement being viewed goes up and you don’t even have to do anything.Some would argue that using someone else’s fame for personal gain is a bad thing but knowing that you have no control over whether a YouTube drama is going to occur or not and also don’t even maybe know that it exists, I see nothing bad in getting more profit out of YouTube ads you pay for being aired.This way you are benefiting from other peoples’ haters without even being involved in the hate and as bad as it sounds it does really impact your success in terms of advertising your product through YouTube ads.Who said that you need to suffer from hate personally in order to be successful anyways?5. Try not to Provoke Hate in the First PlaceI know I said that some people will hate your work regard less of what you’re doing but now I want to talk about how to avoid hate in the first place or at least get far less hate and what to do with the hate that you do get.If you know that for example a product is a bit unusual or maybe you are planning to introduce a brand new product never before seen on the market, do know that right off the bat you can get hateful comments about it just because you were inconsiderate about the consumers taste, values, beliefs etc.What Im saying is if you are for example selling t-shirts, try to avoid using political, religious, or other logos which can provoke hate and criticism.This will not only affect your sales in a negative way meaning fewer people will buy the product but also your reputation could be at stake and you wont have positive feedback from even the people who love your other products.Do some research on the market you are placing your product on, it can be hard to know from what background your consumer comes from, but learn from y our previous sales and always be open-minded when it comes to giving your consumers what they want and avoid things that might be controversial.6. Learn from Your MistakesHumans are not perfect creatures and we all make mistakes but not many people stop and ask themselves what they did wrong mainly because they feel that they haven’t done anything wrong in the first place.In these kinds of situations, haters do really come useful because they don’t have mercy when it comes to pointing out other peoples mistakes.If you’ve taken to account everything I said previously I’m sure that you’ve learned, if not to cope with, then at least to accept hateful comments for what they are â€" a sign that there is always room for improvements.Listen to hateful comments more carefully than to the praiseful ones because, and I can’t stress this enough, you will always find more new ideas and ways of getting more successful by seeing what someone doesn’t like about your work.If you make a mistake and see that it has backlashed try learn from it and make progress by doing so, don’t make the same mistake twice by only listening to positive feedback and not caring what people who don’t agree with you think.7. No Matter What You Do, Be HumbleDon’t expect from people to appreciate what you do just because you either put a lot of effort into it or you simply think that you are doing something good.I don’t expect from you to give me a high-five just because you like my article and even if that means something to me I would rather have you listen to what I have to say than to praise my literacy skills.Whether you have a company worth millions or have just entered the world of entrepreneurship you have to understand that being humble about what you do can have a great impact on your success.People tend to criticize less someone who is down-to-earth than someone who is pretentious and thinks he is better than everyone else.It doesn’t matter what your job is, people can have a sense of who you are as a person just by looking at your product, viewing your advertisement or even listening to your new ideas.And this either attracts their attention or pushes them away.A great example would be luxury brands which even if they have made a name for themselves by offering high-quality goods, they tend to overprice everything, make high-end fashion pieces and even come up with bizarre ideas just because they are already selling their products and collecting profit.And although many famous people and people who can afford those kinds of products to buy them, for the average person it all just seems a bit odd.The majority of us just want to get the quality that we pay for and people tend to give their respect more to the companies that are unpretentious about their products.8. Don’t Let Anything Demotivate YouWe’ve talked about making mistakes, but one of the biggest mistakes you can make is letting someone or something keep you away from your goals.I t’s hard enough to have self-confidence yet alone dealing with criticism left and right and that being said you need to learn to keep your head high when the going gets tough.Avoid having any emotions when you hear the hateful commentary, and I know this is easier said than done but it will mean a lot to you in the long run and will motivate you to keep trying and to do your best.We have to be honest with ourselves in every given moment, so if you for some reason see that your effort isn’t appreciated as much as you expected it to be and maybe you’ve been doing something wrong from the get-go.If you do find yourself surrounded with criticism try to look at things from a different angle, try to see what exactly is that thing that someone thinks you’ve done wrong and if you partially agree with them it means that it’s time to change something.With all this being said, use every bit of hate as fuel for motivation and progress rather than just peoples’ opinion because it can have a counter-effect on your ambition to be successful. 9. Haters are Going to Hate You RegardlessI’ve mentioned this before but I need to point out some key elements when it comes to using hate as a fuel for success.It doesn’t matter how much you try to avoid being hated by some people, haters always exist and they don’t seem to be falling in numbers any time soon.On the contrary, the more you are successful the more haters you will attract so it doesn’t even matter what you do you will always be a thorn in someone’s eye.Focus on what is important and that is you, stop worrying what other people think of you but do listen carefully.The main mistake I see people who have big businesses are making is that they focus too much on the hatred itself and don’t focus on the great scheme of things.When you stop being fearful of hate you will prosper much quicker than someone who is taking everything personally because that means that they lack self-confidence.Dont be that guy. 10. Hate Means You are Doing Something ImportantLast but not least, I want to talk about what hate actually means in terms of either business or life itself.It means that you are doing something, whether it is a small step for you, for the haters its a huge leap, otherwise, they wouldnt start hating you.Haters are jealous of other people and they express their anger because they feel superior to them when they try to undermine their success so they can feel better about themselves.Knowing this you should use it to your advantage and work on yourself to give them less of a reason to hate you.But as you get more successful as we discussed, you will get more hate, so its a never-ending cycle of hate and progress, which can sometimes be tiring but also fun, depends on how you look at it.If you start to notice that you have haters who for example criticize your latest product that you’ve worked so hard on, stop and think for a second how you would know if the product is any good or not ?People who generally like your products will say good things about this new one, but haters are going to point out every single thing that they think is wrong with it and this is your fuel for success.Embrace that and you will go places, try to ignore it and you will make the same mistake over and over again.WHY DO PEOPLE HATE?I said at the beginning of the article that I’m going to make a list of reasons why people hate just to give you some answers if you happen to have questions regarding all the things we talked about today.People who are less successful are more hateful towards people who are doing something in their life inferiority complex.Take every criticism with a grain of salt â€" not every hater knows what he is talking about.Focus on both the compliments and hate â€" it means you should read between the lines of both types of consumers so you could understand better what they want.Be thankful to haters, they are giving you helpful tips remember.Haters don’t have a n effect on people who appreciate your work so you don’t need to worry about the hate being spread among all of your consumers.Once you get over the initial anger which hates sparks everything else will be a walk in the park.There are always plenty more reasons why people hate on things, but that is a matter of psychology and nature and not something we can control.Our whole human civilization is full of hate which leads to wars but if we would all make that large leap into better understanding our differences the world would be a better place. FINAL WORDI hope that Ive shed some light on the topic of hate and how to deal with it and also how to use it for your advantage especially if you have a business which is open to receive criticism from its consumers because it helps you move forward and also figure out what your next move should be.And if you find yourself not being able to accept the hate even after reading all of this, start by at least appreciating that someone made tim e to leave a hateful comment about your work and go from that.The faster you accept the fact that you won’t be able to avoid hate altogether the more you will learn how to deal with it and how to benefit from it.Nevertheless, if you found something in this article that you don’t agree on or if you think I’ve missed an important point, feel free to leave a comment and I will use one of my own tips that I’ve explained here to make the next article better.

Reaction Of Martin Luther Kings Letter From A Birmingham...

â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† Reaction â€Å"We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.† In 1963, Martian Luther King Jr was protesting for blacks to have equal rights in Birmingham, Al. The city administration found out about these protests and ordered the police to arrest them. Now in jail was confronted by a court and ordered not to protest in Birmingham. In response King wrote what is now known as the â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail†. The letter is considered to be the most important documents of the civil rights movement as it explains Kings strategy of using nonviolent protests to make a point and spark a negotiation. Kings letter started the†¦show more content†¦King then enacted the nonviolent campaign that consisted of four steps. First off, he investigated if injustice exists. This was easily noticed as court and police refused to investigate the bombing of the black homes. The black leaders were mo stly encored by the city’s leaders. Second, he proceeds to negotiate this didn’t go over well. As merchants promised to remove the white and colored signs. The signs soon returned most likely the merchants were treated by the court and the KKK. This leads to the third step; the process of self-purification. The process got the black people in non-violent mindset to accept blows without fighting back and endure a jail cell. The last step was then set in motion direct action marches and sit ins were in full swing. This created tension in society that would eventually lead to the wall surrounding the negations to crack and fall to the ground. This plan worked for King in every city he visited. King explains what a just and unjust law is as â€Å"justice too long delayed is justice denied.†. For 340 years the blacks were denied their constitutional rights as the color of your skin was not mentioned in this great document. Unfortunately, the government pushed segregation in the class rooms therefore many black people had no idea the constitution existed. Not even children could understand why they were denied entry into public places and why white people hated them. Black people lived in constant fear. A law must follow a moral guildShow MoreRelatedLetter from a Birmingham Jail Analysis1025 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Letter from Birmingham Jail† by Martin Luther King Jr. was written in the margins of a letter posted by the clergymen of Alabama at this time that sparked his interest and while he inhabited the jail cell for parading around without a permit. This time allowed him the ability to respond wholeheartedly to this cynical oppressing. King’s le tter addresses specific points presented in the Clergymen’s and this direct response distinguishes King’s strong points through his powerful writing.   UnethicalRead MorePersuasive Speech : Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.1334 Words   |  6 PagesIn any good speech, the most important part of the speech is not what is said during the speech, but what the audience feels and remembers after the speech was over. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a powerful advocate of African American rights, was an expert at convincing his audience to feel and react to his speeches however he wanted them to. One of the main ways he achieved this was through the use of the artistic proofs. The ‘artistic proofs’ is a term coined by the ancient greek philosopherRead MoreLetter from Birmingham Jail; Rhetorical Analysis Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.’s Use of the Rhetoric Triangle Every writer has some sort of drive when writing a piece of work. Whether that drive comes from a creative source or the need to prove a point, it exists. For Martin Luther King Jr. that drive was the need to put an end to racial injustice that seemed to be everywhere. Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† is a perfect example. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† was King’s response to eight clergymen’s â€Å"A Call for Unity.† His driveRead MoreMartin Luther King’s (Mlk) â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† Argument Analysis1432 Words   |  6 PagesKyle McCrite Ms. Vaughn English 102-01 14 September 2009 Someone Else’s Shoes Martin Luther King’s (MLK) â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† was written in 1963 as a response to the Eight Alabama Clergymen’s public statement against King’s actions in April of that year. Martin Luther King Jr. was an activist for desegregation of the south in the early 1960s and overcame much adversity to attain incredible gains on the segregation issue in the United States. King uses effective persuasive appealsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail991 Words   |  4 PagesIn the Letter from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. the author makes multiple allusions to philosophers. His comparison make it seem as if he shares likeness with them. King’s work was highly devoted to one thing only, the protection of civil disobedience so that the civil rights movement could go on uncompromised. Although King only had one purpose the complexity of the situation called for unity by eight Alabama clergymen for a decision. In t his way King’s letter served more than the oneRead MoreMartin Luther King Jrs Letter From The Birmingham Jail1437 Words   |  6 Pageshave looked at movement’s that have helped advocate for civil rights. One of the movements of that we looked at specifically in class was Martin L. King Jr’s movement and his â€Å"Letter from the Birmingham Jail†. In this letter, we hear Dr. Kings honest opinion about the criticism he received from his opponents of timely protest. We gain a lot of insight about Kings honest opinion about his political motivations of his movements and why he felt that it was critical to act when he did. Another movementRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1831 Words   |  8 Pageseffective when all three rhetorical appeals, Logos, Pathos, and Ethos, come together to form an indisputable argument. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X are two of the most influential figures of the past few decades; similarly, their work is summarized as some of the most persuasive and controversial of all time. The audience of both of their pieces, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† and â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† include oppressed African Americans and the white oppressors themselves. Each man takesRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Essay Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesZhuo Liu Lauren Sassenoff English 1P-5 25 September 2016 Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay In 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter while incarcerated in Birmingham jail to eight clergymen in response to their letter known as â€Å"A Call for Unity.†Ã‚  The letter asked for the stop of direct action type protest in Birmingham, Alabama that Martin Luther King was leading.   The letter has become known as one of the greatest works of argument in American history. Part of the reason for the letter’sRead More Henry David Thoreaus Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail820 Words   |  4 PagesHenry David Thoreaus Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, in â€Å"Civil Disobedience† and â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† respectively, both conjure a definitive argument on the rights of insubordination during specified epochs of societal injustice. Thoreau, in his enduring contemplation of life and its purpose, insightfully analyzes the conflicting relationship between the government and the people it governs. He consideratelyRead More The Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesOn April 16, 1963, from a jail in Birmingham, Alabama, Martin Luther King Jr. composed an extensive letter to eight clergymen who condemned the timing of the civil rights movement. Although the letter was addressed to these eight clergymen, the Letter from Birmingham Jail speaks to a national audience, especially King’s â€Å"Christian and Jewish brothers†(King, 29). His peaceful but firm letter serves as a remarkably persuasive voice to an immensely chaotic mess, a nd is seen as a major turning point

What You Dont Know About Quality Article Writing Service Could Be Costing to More Than You Think

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In what ways is the environment of your country threatened Free Essays

Our survival depends on how well we handle our environment. The term environment refers to mountains, land, seas, oceans, forests and rivers. It also includes men, animals and plants. We will write a custom essay sample on In what ways is the environment of your country threatened? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mauritius, being a small country, is prone to many environmental hazards. Environmental pollution has become a great menace to man. Our environment is threatened in many ways including modernization, industrialization, deforestation, urbanization, agriculture, transport and travel and tourism. Measures and solutions are being taken to reduce them as eliminating them is impossible. The rapid growth of population is the most important cause in the imbalance of our environment. The larger the population, the greater the facilities and resources are required. Mauritius, being on of the small islands developing state is limited in size and resources. The demands of the population are increasing day by day and this is causing harm to our surroundings. There is not much space available for agriculture. If the growth is not checked, the pollution will get worsened. Modernization and industrialization in a tiny country like ours are having harmful effects on the environment. There is no proper zoning system in the country. The setting up of industries anywhere is giving rise to all types of pollution. The factories owners do not abide by the laws and run their factories as per their wish without thinking about what would happen to the environment. Land, noise and air pollutions are very common things nowadays. Aquatic lives have to suffer also because of factories which throw dyes in water. Moreover, in the name of road networks and residential areas, we are affecting our physical environment. The large scale destruction of forests is a great threat to mankind. People are cutting down trees to make buildings and the beauty of nature is thus disappearing. We depend a lot on our forests. Even animals depend on forests for food and shelter. Our cities provide for their inhabitants all the material comforts that modern science has bestowed upon man. They do not have the time to observe nature and appreciate its beauty. They are more interested in having big shopping complexes, houses and restaurants. Coromandel, which once used to be an agricultural land has now turned into a residential one. There is no control over population in urban areas and therefore over-crowding and environmental pollution have increased. The overuse and use of chemicals in agriculture affect our land our food. The insecticides used by farmers on the plants are washed away by rain and absorbed by the soil which caused the plants to die. These chemicals have proved to be very bad for health. Pesticides also form part in killing harmful pests and harmful wild lives. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are estimated to stay in the soil that contains those chemicals can accumulate them into their tissues. Human beings, very often unaware of these facts, are victims of all types of illnesses. Atmospheric pollution is being caused by the increasing fleet of vehicles and industries. Vehicles use fuels such as kerosene, diesel and oil. There is no control of the number of vehicles running our roads and motorways. The exhaust fumes from vehicles contribute a lot on our environmental imbalance. Noise pollution is another drawback of overuse of cars. Moreover, the industrial machines also contribute to noise pollution. The expansion of tourism is an opportunity for Mauritius but there are many environmental challenges. Sea activities mean a lot to tourists. They come to our island especially because of our beautiful beaches and lagoons. Due to marine pollution, the tourism can be very much affected. Many tourists will refuse to choose Mauritius as destination for holidays and will rather turn to the neighborhood islands like Seychelles and Reunion. Also, in Mauritius, many hotels have been built for tourists. At times there are no clients at all in those hotels. Then why is the need of having so many hotels? We are working according to a wrong planning and management. Several measures can be taken to diminish the risks of environmental hazards. A forestation will prove to be very beneficial. If ever we are cutting one tree, it will be good to plant another two trees. By doing this, there will be a balance in nature. The government must put a tax on fertilizers which will discourage those making excessive use of them and they will be more careful. Furthermore, catalytic converters or even unleaded petrol should be used. This will be helpful to decrease the level of pollution. Also environment education must be taught in schools. This will create awareness among the children and they will therefore know how to maintain their surroundings. Bins must be placed everywhere so as to have a clean and perfect environment. No work is done correctly without motivation. If awards for best villages, best cities and gardens are given, then the environment might become much more pleasant. Let us conclude the essay quoting the two famous sentences used by Mrs Indira Gandhi when she inaugurated the 12th World Energy Congress- â€Å"We should be good guests on earth, neither too demanding nor disturbing its delicate balance. We should allow it to renew itself for those who are to follow.† How to cite In what ways is the environment of your country threatened?, Papers

Learn to Play Guitar free essay sample

On Learning to Play Guitar If you decide you want to play guitar, there are a surprising number of strange obstacles in your way. I hear from a lot of people who say l am going to get guitar lessons for my kid without realizing what a thorny and complex thing it is. Piano or fiddle lessons are kind of routine. Untold numbers of people are blaming themselves for not getting going or losing interest in their guitar lessons, when what they were being taught was not at all appropriate for what they wanted or needed. Its hard to believe that there are absolutely no rules, regulations or anything. Anybody can call themselves a guitar teacher, and they can teach anything they want. They might read music and try to teach you to read music, and they might not. They might sing and they might not. Its all over the map. We will write a custom essay sample on Learn to Play Guitar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And yet guitar is the most common instrument, and chances are there is someone within a mile of you who could teach everything you need to learn, if you could only locate them. I am writing this in hopes that someone will read it and be able to better circumvent these obstacles, and perhaps better find their own place in the world of music more quickly and pleasantly. I have never seen anything in print that tried to describe how confusing the l want to learn guitar problem really is. Anybody can learn to bang out a few chords and have a good time playing some recreational guitar playing some sort of music that inetrests them. As a lifelong musician, I am quite surprised and downright annoyed by how much of the web sites and books and videos out there about how to learn to play guitar are Just plain bogus, and fueled by some combination of ignorance, greed, or fantasy. It would be hard for you the beginner to say This seems bogus but I know etter and I will say it for you. There are almost no voices I hear telling it like it really is, which is about how real people have always managed and still do learn to play guitar and enrich their lives without formal training of any kind. So please take a few minutes and read this, then go and try to find a book or a teacher or whatever you decide you ought to do. Think of learning guitar as the old-fashioned apprentice system, and dont get into the school or lessons mindset.

Comparison of Healthcare Policies between France and the US The WritePass Journal

Comparison of Healthcare Policies between France and the US Introduction Comparison of Healthcare Policies between France and the US ) Health Statistics in 2013 reveals that life expectancy in France is high at 82.2 and is currently ranked third amongst OECD countries. In contrast, life expectancy in the US is amongst the lowest at 78.7 (OECD, 2013). The difference in life expectancy in both countries is a cause of concern since the US has one of the most expensive healthcare systems in the OECD and yet fares worse in health outcomes, including life expectancy(Baldock, 2011). The OECD (2013) notes that compared to France and other large OECD countries, the US spends twice as much per individual on healthcare. Interestingly, public health expenditure for health is highest in the US compared to all OECD countries. However, it does not practice universal healthcare coverage with the public supporting only 32% of the total healthcare cost (OECD, 2011). Individuals eligible for Medicaid include the elderly, families with small children and those with disabilities (Rosenbaum, 2011). Approximately 53% of the US population is covered through the Patient Protection and Affordable Act or Obamacare (Rosenbaum, 2011). Under this Act, employers are required to purchase health insurances for their employees. Only a small portion of businesses pays for full coverage with majority requiring their employees to share in the cost of their health insurances (Rosenbaum, 2011). The OECD (2009a) states that 46 million people in the US are left without public or private health insurance. This could place a significant burden to the US healthcare system that is struggling in providing equitable access to healthcare services in the country. The World Health Organization (2014) explains that equitable access is achieved when individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic status, enjoy the same type and quality of healthcare. This is not achieved in the US where statistics (OECD, 2009a) continues to show that high-income groups enjoy better health and appropriately covered by healthcare insurances while those in the lower socioeconomic status continue to have poorer health status. This disparity in health status and healthcare insurance coverage continues to be a challenge in the US. Public spending per capita in the US continues to be the highest in the OECD countries even with the increased participation of the private sector in financing healthcare in the country (OECD, 2013). In recent years, the OECD (2013) observes that public spending across OECD countries continue to decline. On average, healthcare spending of these countries only grew by 0.2% in the last 4 years. While there is a variation on the decrease of public spending, the major reason for the slowdown is due to drastic cuts in health expenditures. In France, the Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) currently covers almost all residents. Until 2000, SHI covered 100% of all residents (Franc and Polton, 2006). Today, almost all of the residents are still covered under SHI. However, a few have purchased private health insurances to complement SHI. Public spending for healthcare is 77.9% while France spends 11.9% of its GDP in healthcare (OECD, 2011). This is in contrast with the US where public spending for healthcare accounts to only 47.7% but spends 17.9% of its GDP on healthcare (OECD, 2011). Interestingly, SHI covers both legal and illegal residents in France. This is opposite in the US where illegal residents are not covered by publicly funded healthcare insurance. There are approximately 21 million immigrants in the US with most having an illegal resident status (Moody, 2011). Health coverage remains to be a concern for this group since they work on jobs that pay very low wages and with no healthcare coverage. Hence, this group is three times more likely to have no healthcare coverage (Stanton, 2006). Currently, this group comprises 20% of the total uninsured population in the US (Moo dy, 2011). The lack of universal coverage in the US suggests that healthcare policies in the US may not be inclusive as opposed to France where almost all residents have private or public health insurance coverage. Rosenbaum (2011) explains that the Patient Protection and Affordable Act or Obamacare is expected to boost healthcare coverage for legal immigrants who are in low paying jobs. However, only legal immigrants who have been in the US for at least five years could qualify for Medicaid or purchase state-based health insurances. Currently, all states in the US have expanded Medicaid coverage to low-income groups. Specifically, a family of four with a combined annual income of $33,000.00 and an individual with $15,800.00 yearly income are now eligible for Medicaid. This legislation provides health coverage to approximately 57% of the uninsured population in the US (CDC, 2011). For legal immigrants who have not reached five years of stay in the US or are earning more than the Medicaid limit are allowed federal subsidy when purchasing state-based health insurances (CDC, 2011). As opposed to France where illegal immigrants enjoy the same healthcare coverage as legal immigrants and citizens, those in the US on illegal status remain uninsured and could not purchase state-based health insurances (CDC, 2011). Healthcare access for this group is limited to community health centres across the country. It is noteworthy that only 8,500 community health centres are in existence today and yet they cater to at least 22 million people each year (CDC, 2011). Almost half of those who access primary health centres are the uninsured. While hospitals are required by law to provide emergency care for all individuals regardless of their resident status, those who are uninsured do not have health coverage to sustain their long-term healthcare needs (Rosenbaum, 2011). Current healthcare policies in the US might actually promote health inequality since it only provides primary basic healthcare services (CDC, 2011) to the marginalised group, which may include low-income and ethni c groups. In France, The Bismarckian approach to healthcare has been used for several decades but in recent years, there is now an adoption of the Beveridge approach (Chevreul et al., 2010). In the former, health coverage tends to be uniform and concentrated while in the latter, the single public payer model is promoted. In the Bismarckian approach, everyone should be given the same access to healthcare services while the Beveridge model allows for stronger state intervention (Chevreul et al., 2010). This also suggests that tax-based revenues are used to finance healthcare. The mix of both models is necessary to respond to the increasing demands for healthcare in the country and to regulate the increasing cost of healthcare. Chevreul et al. (2010) emphasise that the SHI is now experiencing deficit due to increasing rise of healthcare expenditure in the country. The French parliament, through the Ministry of Health regulates expenditure by enacting laws and regulations. Importantly, France regulates prices of specific medical procedures and drugs (Chevreul and Durand-Zaleski, 2009). This development is crucial since failure to regulate prices could further drive up healthcare costs. However, regulation of prices of medical devices remains to be poor. In a survey (OECD, 2009b), expenditures for medical devices is high and amounts to â‚ ¬19 billion annually. Although it comprises 55% of the pharmaceutical market, increased demand for medical devices have also increased SHI expenditures on these devices (Cases and Le Fur, 2008). It should be noted that only 60% of the medical devices are covered by SHI (Cases and Le Fur, 2008). Regulation of the prices of these medical devices is not as strong as the market for drugs and other major medical equipment. This implies that increasing healthcare costs of medical devices could have an impact on pu blic health spending policies in France. Healthcare Issues and Challenges One of the major issues in both countries is the rising healthcare expenditure. As noted by the OECD (2013), there is a disparity between healthcare expenditure and rising healthcare costs in OECD countries. The average increase in healthcare expenditure only amounts to 0.2% and yet healthcare cost continues to rise. In France, this disparity has promoted the Ministry of Health to increase private insurance of its members to help cover healthcare services not normally covered by the SHI. In the US, the debate on Obamacare and the reluctance of the government to cover illegal residents continue to be a challenge in providing equitable healthcare Meanwhile, high costs of medicines could have an impact on healthcare, especially amongst those who are covered by Medicaid and those who could barely afford state-subsidised healthcare insurances (Moody, 2011). This is in contrast to France where cost containment is in place for medicines. To illustrate the lack of healthcare costs regulations, the US spends more on developing medical technologies, which only benefits a few of the patients. The country is also burdened with high administration and pharmaceutical costs. Doctors in the country are also amongst the highest paid in the OECD countries (Greve, 2013). Moody (2011) argues that cost containment remains to be a problem since lowering down prices of medicines or healthcare costs for beneficiaries of Medicaid would lead to doctors’ reluctance to treat Medicaid patients. The lack of priorities in healthcare spending in the US has resulted in higher spending on certain areas and low spending on others. However, this does not translate to better health outcomes for the whole population. Elderly care is one area where there is high spending but the amount of spending does not necessarily translate to better health outcomes. As noted by Haplin et al. (2010), the elderly are more vulnerable to chronic healthcare conditions, such as dementia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes. Hence, healthcare costs for this group are relatively higher compared to other members in a community. In a report published by Stanton (2006), approximately 40% of US healthcare expenditure is devoted to elderly care, but this group only comprises 13% of country’s population. It is projected that in the succeeding years, healthcare cost for this group will continue to rise with the ageing of the US population (Stanton, 2006). The same issue is also seen in France, where increasing healthcare cost for the elderly is also expected in the succeeding years (Franc and Polton, 2006). Both countries also lack coordination of care and gatekeeping for the elderly. Although there is an emphasis on elderly care in both countries, lack of continuity of care often leads to poor quality care, duplication of healthcare, waste and over-prescription (Franc and Polton, 2006; Evans and Docteur and Oxley, 2003; Stoddard, 2003). In France, this issue was first addressed through the creation of provider networks and increasing the gate-keeping roles of the general practitioners (GPs). However, the latter was largely unsuccessfully and finally abolished with the introduction of the 2004 Health Insurance Act (Franc and Polton, 2006). In this new legislation, patients have the freedom to choose their own healthcare providers or primary point of contact. Most of the primary points of contact are GPs. This scheme is successful in F rance due to incentives offered to the patients and GPs. This scheme has been suggested to improve the quality of care received by the patients since there is more coordination of care between GPs and specialists (Naiditch and Dourgnon, 2009). This scheme also drives up the cost of visits to specialists and could have influence healthcare financing policies (De Looper and La Fortune, 2009; Naiditch and Dourgnon, 2009). Another issue common to both countries is the competition between hospitals for patients who can afford private healthcare. Consumer demands for healthcare in the US have increased. Hospitals respond by increasing their services to separate them from their competitors (Moody, 2011). For instance, by-products of this competition results to increasing the size of the patient rooms and providing in-house services such as full kitchens, family lounges and business service. All these have not been related to improved health outcomes of the patients. In France, the differences in healthcare costs between publicly funded hospitals and private for-profit hospitals spark a debate on whether common tariffs are the solution to cost containment (Chevreul et al., 2010). Despite the implementation of common tariffs, there is still a growing difference on the healthcare costs between the private and public sectors. Currently, the reform plan Hospital 2007 (Chevreul et al., 2010) states that the obj ective of introducing a common tariff for public and private hospitals has been withheld until 2018. This shows that healthcare policies respond to current trends in health provision in France. ‘Convergence’ and ‘Path Dependence’ Starke et al. (2008) explain that history and institutional context all play a role in influencing healthcare policies in a welfare state. Healthcare policies that tend to be resistant to change illustrate institutionalist or ‘path dependence.’In the event where changes are needed, those that follow ‘path dependence’ change their policies but do so within the boundaries set in the original healthcare policies. On the other hand, healthcare policies that follow the ‘convergence’ pathway or functionalist perspective tend to integrate best practices and are more responsive to social, political and economic changes. Healthcare policies in France and the US tend to follow the ‘convergence’ pathway. The historical context of France reveals that a unitary presidential democracy was established in 1958 (Cases, 2006). In this system, the central government retains sovereignty and policies implemented in local or regional levels are approved by the central government. Despite the practice of central dirigisme, many regions in France have practiced coordination and decenstralisation. Political parties elected to the French government all have a common goal in financing the healthcare system in France. It practices cost-containment by regulating healthcare costs, reducing healthcare demands and restricting healthcare coverage (Chevreul and Durand-Zaleski, 2009). All these cost-containment policies have generally been met with public discontent. In recent years, the introduction of Supplementary Health Insurance enabled the French government to still deliver quality care at reasonable cost. Further, the introduction of direct payment, although reimbursable, also discourages wasteful consumption of healthcare (Chevreul and Durand-Zaleski, 2009). Although changes in healthcare policies tend to be restrictive more than three decades ago, France is now taking the ‘convergence’ pathway in its healthcare system. This suggests that healthcare policies are more responsive to social and economic changes. France also regards its people as equal but retain their freedom to choose a healthcare provider and hospital. The manner of healthcare financing in France allows service users to choose from competing healthcare professionals. Service users could also access specialists due to little gatekeeping in the country (Naiditch and Dourgnon, 2009). All these changes in the France’s healthcare system reflect ‘convergence’ rather than ‘path dependence’. Convergence in healthcare is also shown in both countries through its policies on increasing personal contributions of service users for healthcare (Mossialos and Thomson, 2004). There is also an increasing reliance on private health insurers to bridge the gap in public healthcare delivery. The increasing public-private mix exemplifies convergence. There is also a trend towards community healthcare and decentralisation of healthcare (Baldock, 2011; Chevreul et al., 2010; Blank and Burau, 2007). This trend relies on community healthcare practitioners to provide care in home or community settings. This has been practiced in other developed countries where patients with chronic conditions receive care in their own homes (Chevreau et al., 2010). This approach is also applied when caring for the elderly. Similar to other Welfare states, the US and France are experiencing population ageing. The proportion of the elderly in both countries is expected to rise in the succeeding years (Chevrea u et al., 2010). As mentioned earlier, this translates to increases in health expenditures and cost for this group. Marked increases in health expenditures for this group would mean further reduction on public spending or cost containment. All these could have an impact on public spending in the future and might increase insurance premiums of individuals. There is also the possibility of raising SHI contributions in France or reducing healthcare coverage of Medicaid in the US. Both strategies could fuel public discontent, increase the gap between the rich and the poor and promote health inequalities (OECD, 2008; Starke et al., 2008; Stanton, 2006). Since the main aim of the policies in both countries is to achieve optimal health for all, the realisation of this aim might be compromised with an ageing society. It is also noteworthy that since public funds are bankrolled by taxes, increasing number of elderly could mean reduction in number of employees who are economically productive. This could also lead to lower tax collections and decreased public funding for healthcare. As shown in both countries, healthcare policies are becoming more responsive to the social and economic changes. This does not only suggest a direction towards ‘convergence’ but suggests that this pathway could be the norm for many OECD countries. Conclusion Healthcare policies in the US and France have been influenced by social and economic changes in recent years. Although both aim to achieve universal coverage, it is only France that has achieved this with almost 100% of its citizens covered with healthcare insurance. The US is struggling to meet the healthcare needs of its citizens with almost 46 million still uninsured. Its Obamacare is still met with criticism for its failure to provide public healthcare coverage for most of its citizens. Only the poor and those unable to afford basic healthcare services are covered under Medicaid. In Obamacare, those with marginal incomes could purchase federal-subsidised healthcare insurances. Both countries are also faced with the challenge of an ageing society. The inequitable allocation of healthcare services to this group also promotes social discontent. Almost half of public expenditure is channeled to the elderly, which only comprises 13% of the whole population. The heightened demand for e lderly care, lowered public expenditure on healthcare and increasing healthcare costs have all influenced healthcare policies in the US and France. Finally, the recent changes in the healthcare policies of this country suggest convergence rather than path dependence suggesting that healthcare policies continue to be influenced by social and economic changes in both countries. It is recommended that future research should be done on how ‘convergence’ helps both countries respond to increasing complexities of healthcare in both countries. References: Baldock, J. (2011). Social policy, social welfare and the welfare state. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Blank, R. Burau, V. (2007). Comparative health policy. London: Palgrave. Cases, C. (2006). ‘French health system reform: recent implementation and future challenge’. Eurohealth, 12, pp. 10-11. Cases, C. Le Fur, P. (2008). ‘The pharmaceutical file’, Health Policy Monitort, May [Online]. Available from: hpm.org/survey/fr/all/2 (Accessed: 27th April, 2014). Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). NCHS Data Brief: Community Health Centers: Providers, Patients and Content of Care [Online]. Available from: cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db65.htm (Accessed: 27th April, 2014). Chevreul, K., Durand-Zaleski, I., Bahrami, S., Hernandez-Quevedo Mladovsky, P. (2010). France: Health System Review 2010. France: The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, WHO Regional Office for Europe, World Bank, European Commission, UNCAM, London School of Economics and Politic Science, and the London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine. Chevreul, K. Durand-Zaleski, I. (2009). ‘The role of HTA in coverage and pricing in France: toward a new paradigm?’. Euro Observer, 11, pp. 5-6. De Looper, M. La Fortune, G. (2009). Measuring disparities in health status and in access and use of healthcare in OECD countries. Paris: OECD (Health working paper 43) [Online]. Available from: oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issuesmigration-health/measuring-disparities-in-health-status-and-in-access-and-use-of-healthcare-in-oecd-countries_225748084267 (Accessed: 27th April, 2014). Docteur, E. Oxley, H. (2003). Health-care systems: lessons from the reform experience. Paris: OECD (Health working paper 9) [Online]. Available from: irdes.fr/Publications/Qes/Qez133.pdf (Accessed: 27th April, 2014). Evans, R. Stoddard, G. (2003). ‘Consuming research, producing policy?’, American Journal of Public Health, 93, pp. 371-379. Franc, C. Polton, D. (2006). ‘New governance arrangements for French health insurance’. Eurohealth, 12, pp. 27-29. Glyn, A. (2006). Capitalism unleashed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Greve, B. (2013). Routledge Handbook of the Welfare State. London: Routledge. Halpin, H., Morales-Suarez-Varela, M. Martin-Moreno, J. (2010). ‘Chronic disease prevention and the new public health’. Public Health Review, 32, pp. 120-154. Moody, K. (2011). Capitalist care: Will the coalition government’s ‘reforms’ move the NHS further toward a US-style healthcare market?’. Capital and Class, 35(3), pp. 415-434. Mossialos, E. Thomson, S. (2004). Voluntary health insurance in the European Union. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies [Online]. Available from: euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/98448/E84885.pdf (Accessed: 27th April, 2014). Naiditch, M. Dourgnon, P. (2009). The preferred doctor scheme: a political reading of a French experiment of gate-keeping. Paris: IRDES. OECD (2013). Health at a glance 2013: OECD Indicators, Europe: OECD Publishing [Online]. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2013-3n (Accessed: 27th April, 2014). OECD (2011). Human Development Index and its components. Europe: OECD. OECD (2009a). Society at a Glance 2009: OECD Social Indicators. Europe: OECD. OECD (2009b). Health data 2009. Paris: OECD. OECD (2008). Are we growing unequal? [Online]. Available at: www.oecd.org (Accessed: 17th April, 2014). Rosenbaum, S. (2011). ‘The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Implications for Public Health Policy and Practice’. Public Health Reports, 128(1), pp. 130-135. Stanton, M. (2006). The high concentration of U.S. healthcare expenditures: research in action, issues 19. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Starke, P., Obginer, H. Castles, F. (2008). ‘Convergence towards where: in what ways, if any, are welfare states becoming more similar?’. Journal of European Public Policy, 15(7), pp. 975-1000. World Health Organization (WHO) (2014). Health Systems: Equity [Online]. Available at: who.int/healthsystems/topics/equity/en/ (Accessed: 27th April, 2014).

Why the Flu Vaccine Doesnt Work All the Time

Why the Flu Vaccine Doesnt Work All the Time The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is looking at whether or not the flu vaccine is effective. Preliminary results indicate youll get just as sick (with colds, flu, flu-like illnesses) if you got the vaccine than if you didnt. Why doesnt the vaccine work? In order to understand the answer, youll need to understand some specifics about the flu vaccine and a bit about how immunity works. Flu Vaccine Facts There is no single virus that causes the flu; there is no one flu vaccine that protects against all of them. A flu vaccine is designed to confer immunity against the strains of flu that are expected to be most common and most serious. The vaccine is a sort of one-size-fits-all solution, even though there are more types of flu than covered by the vaccine and the flu types vary according to a region. It takes time to produce vaccines, so a new vaccine cant be instantly produced when a new type of flu starts to cause problems. The Vaccine and Immunity The flu vaccine gives your body parts of inactivated flu viruses. These virus parts correspond to parts of proteins floating around in your body. When the virus part contacts a chemical match, it stimulates the body to produce the cells and antibodies that can remove this particular intruder. Antibodies are proteins that float in body fluids and can bind to specific chemical markers. When an antibody binds to a substance, it essentially marks it for destruction by other cells. However, an antibody for one type of flu wont necessarily bind to a virus part from another type of flu. You dont get protection against other viruses. A flu vaccine can only stimulate your immune system to protect you against the viruses in the vaccine, with some lesser protection against very similar ones. Incomplete Protection Against Intended Targets You may not even get protection against the intended virus. Why? First, because viruses change over time. The piece that was in the vaccine may not look the same (chemically) as the real thing (months later, after all!). Second, the vaccine may not have given you enough stimulation to fight off the disease. Lets review whats happened so far: the inactivated virus piece has found a chemical match in your body. This causes an immune response, so your body has started to gear up its production of antibodies and similar markers on cells that can mark the virus for destruction or kill it outright. Its like calling up an army for a battle. Will your body win the fight when the real virus comes to call? Yes, if you have enough defenses built up. However, you will still get the flu if: Your body isnt fast enough producing a response.Get the vaccine and get exposed to the flu too soon (less than 2 weeks).Too much time between vaccination and exposure (the vaccine loses its effectiveness over time).You dont produce enough of a response.Overwhelmed by exposure to a high level of the virus.Your body couldnt recognize the initial virus piece (this determined by genetics).Your body didnt make enough antibodies/cells (this is common in older people or people with suppressed immune systems).The virus as changed beyond your bodys ability to recognize it.The part of the virus that was in the vaccine cant be detected by the body in the intact virus. But Is It Actually a Waste of Time? Yes and no... the flu vaccine will be more effective some years than others. The CDC predicted that the vaccine developed for the winter of 2003/2004 wasnt going to be effective against most cases of the flu because the strains covered by the vaccine werent the same as the strains that were common. Highly targeted vaccines work, but only against their targets! Theres no point in accepting the risks of a vaccine for a disease you cant get. When the flu vaccine is on-target, its more effective. Even then, the vaccine isnt perfect because it uses inactivated virus. Is that bad? No. A live vaccine is more effective, but much more risky. Bottom line The flu vaccine varies in effectiveness from year-to-year. Even in a best-case scenario, it wont always protect against the flu. The CDC study didnt say that the vaccine didnt work; it says the vaccine didnt protect people from getting sick. Even with imperfect effectiveness, the vaccine is indicated for certain people. In my opinion, however, the vaccine isnt for everyone and certainly shouldnt be required for otherwise healthy people.

The Inhumanity of the Death Penalty in Truman Capotes In Cold Blood Research Paper

The Inhumanity of the Death Penalty in Truman Capotes In Cold Blood - Research Paper Example Hickock and Smith mistakably comprehended that Clutter used to keep a lot of money in his house. So both of them planned that immediately after their release they would go and rob Clutter and escape with his money. Therefore, I support that Perry and Richard were justified to be given death penalties. Perry and Richard were justified to be hanged since both characters were a threat to society. After their release, they did as planned but they didn’t get the money since Clutter rarely kept any money in the house. The two criminals ended up killing the whole family and escaped. Church mates are noted to be the ones who first noted the disappearance of the Clutter’s family in Church and decided to make a follow-up. Their efforts led them to Clutter’s house in which they found only dead bodies. This is said to be realized on the second day after when the criminal event had taken place. The police were notified and in the process of making investigations, Wells informed the authorities that he had discussed Clutter’s richness with Hickock and Smith and so they became the first suspects. Further investigations are mentioned to lead to the arrest of the two criminals a month after in Los Vegas and were brought to Kansas where they were charged for the murder c ase of the Clutter’s family. The two confessed while agreeing with the charges but their statements contradicted each other about who killed who. Nevertheless, the two murderers were both charged and sentenced to death by hanging and which took place in 1965.

Allopatric Speciation Is The Only Mechanism By Which New Species Arise Essay

Allopatric Speciation Is The Only Mechanism By Which New Species Arise - Essay Example Species: is defined by Mayr (1942, 1963) as quoted in Cowlishaw; Dunbar (2000: p.13), as a population of individuals capable of interbreeding, that is producing fertile offspring. According to Magurran et al (1999: p.2), Species is considered to be groups of populations reproductively isolated from other such groups by â€Å"isolating mechanisms†- genetically based traits that prevent gene exchange. Speciation: Brigatti; Martins and Roditi (2007: p.378) define Speciation as the process of the generation of two reproductively isolated populations, after which gene flow between the different taxa is absent in any form. That is, new species which are not capable of reproduction with each other are created as a result of speciation. According to the view of Evolutionary Biology, the creation of a new species comes about primarily through variation, the creation of mutants. These mutants might replace the parent species or live in a separate landscape, either way enhancing the competitive environment through a variety of phenotypes. The key to speciation lies in the elimination of inviable or maladaptive phenotypes, mutants of companies that are less successful (Dekkers, 2005: p.144). All populations of a species share a unique common ancestor and a gene pool. They can interbreed and produce fertile offspring under natural conditions. If and when gene flow between them stops, reproductive isolating mechanisms typically evolve. This is because, mutation, natural selection and genetic drift operate independently in each population. Such divergence may give rise to a new species (Starr; Evers, 2006: p.283). Mass extinctions, slow recoveries, and adaptive radiations are major macroevolutionary patterns. (Cowlishaw; Dunbar 2000: p.22) state that speciation in some groups has been dependent upon ecological release following the extinction of ecologically dominant species. Allopatric Speciation: Allopatric Speciation occurs when a geographical barrier cuts off

Importance Of Avoid Making Stereotypical Assumptions Social Work Essay

Importance Of Avoid Making Stereotypical Assumptions Social Work Essay Stereotype reflects the perception one has of other individuals based on their different physical abilities, emotional appearance, religious, cultural disposition, sexual orientation or ethnicity without knowing anything personal about that person and these views are often connected to experiences, observations or other influences such as the media. I will first outline below some of the reasons why it is important to avoid making assumptions based on stereotypes when providing care for someone and then later on show how individual care workers can guard against doing this. Making assumptions, based on stereotypes, when providing care for someone can have a negative effect on the quality of care, as illustrated in the case of Mhà  iri who suffered from a stroke and needed a wheelchair but opted instead for personal care at home. The care manager, Stuart, who did the assessment could have found out about her sexual preference had he not assumed because she was married that her relationship with partner Gillian was heterosexual. This would have allowed more sensitivity to be shown by the carers when attending to her personal needs. The stereotypical assumption that disabled people cannot communicate would have the consequence of them not being listened to properly and this would deny them the right to appropriate services and having a voice. This would impact on their individuality and personal needs, thereby affecting the quality of care being provided. As one participant wheelchair user pointed out in Its like when you go to the hospital or the doctors, if you go with anybody because youre in a wheelchair they dont address you, they look over you and that really infuriates me. This underscores the need to speak directly with the service users rather than making assumptions that they are helpless or not capable of discussing their caring needs. Showing narrow-mindedness because an assumption is made based on stereotype, is being prejudice and this was highlighted in Gypsy Travellers report about prejudice within the health care service. It can prevent Gypsies from gaining access to appropriate medical services such as the barrier presented by a receptionist the receptionist are harder to get past à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I think theyre doing the doctor a favour à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I did something good today, I kept the Gypsies away. Another stereotypical assumption illustrated in is that people with mental health problems are prone to violence such was the case of Simon Jackson. However, he was just reaching out for help and often misunderstood, as he was suspicious of any authority figure. Making stereotypical assumptions can prevent people receiving appropriate care and if a carer has a prejudicial view it could further complicate the matter and deter users from accessing the services. For example, as given in, a disabled lesbian fel t that she was seen as somehow unnatural or abnormal. However, when these beliefs are carried through, it becomes discrimination. An example of this provided in K101 Block 3 Unit 10 where council estate residents were seen as failures and not interested in academic success. In providing care for someone in a local community, care workers should recognise and value diversity, that is, people are different and should be treated differently but fairly to avoid inequality and discrimination. Therefore, it should not be assumed that providing personal care for an Asian female would be the same or similar to that for a white European female. Care workers need to be culturally sensitive and take into account the differences in peoples lifestyles and family relationships. As in people with speech impediments are sometimes stereotyped as being deaf and are often shouted at when communicating and this should not be indicative of all people with such a disability. When providing care for someone with this disability, a carer needs to be more informed about that persons capabilities before engaging to avoid any communication barriers or leaving that person feeling demoralised. It may sometimes be necessary to use stereotypes and make assumptions as it can act as a guide to help in decision-making, such as when organizing a social event for older people in a care home as this could be the target audience and provide the opportunity to cater to their specific needs. Individual care workers can guard against making assumptions based on stereotypes by being more tolerant and make every effort to understand that person better. The care worker should find out what help a disabled person needs instead of assuming what they think they need based on previous experiences or observations. It is important for care workers to avoid being condescending when disabled people are accompanied by their cares but should communicate directly with the disabled persons. If the care worker is not able to understand someone with a hearing impairment, they could ask the person to tell them how they prefer to communicate and not pretend to have understood them when they have not or they could become familiar with that persons method of communication and find ways of keeping that communication going with aids such as Mankaton or other similar sign language. It is essential to identify that there are different religious, cultural and other particular needs of people, ther efore care workers should also see service users as individuals and tailor care according to their individual preferences so that appropriate services can be provided. Care workers need to develop a knowledge and understanding of how the law affecting disability and discrimination as the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 protects disabled people and does not only apply to people who have a physical disability, visual or hearing impairment but can also cover people with learning disabilities. In addition, they should also be familiar with the Race Relations Act 1976, as it is unlawful to discriminate against a person on ground of race, colour, ethnic origin or nationality. An example of this was demonstrated in with an account given by Roz, a white nurse when a patients wife made loud racist remarks that she thought it was disgusting that her husband should be in a bay with three black men on their own which offended the men. Roz did not collude with this racist view by changing the ir bays but instead left the men to sort it out amongst themselves, after gaining their views. In conclusion, an assumption based on stereotypes when providing care for someone should be avoided as it could be construed as being prejudicial or discriminatory and is likely to have a negative Impact on the service user. Individual care workers can guard against doing this by recognising the diverse global village we live in and be respectful of other peoples cultural, religious beliefs and ethnicity as well as any government legislation relating to disability and discrimination. Word count: 1113

Comparing Physiology Worksheet Essay

In this assignment you describe and compare the circulatory, skeletal, and respiratory systems of sharks, iguanas, eagles, and humans. Answer each of the following questions in 25 to 50 words. Circulatory System Shark How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s circulatory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s circulatory system work? Iguana How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s circulatory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s circulatory system work? Eagle How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s circulatory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s circulatory system work? Human How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s  circulatory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s circulatory system work? What is similar in all of these circulatory systems? What is different in all of these circulatory systems? Respiratory System Shark How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s respiratory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s respiratory system work? Iguana How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s respiratory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s respiratory system work? Eagle How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s respiratory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s respiratory system work? Human How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s respiratory system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s respiratory system work? What is similar in all of these respiratory systems? What is different in all of these respiratory systems? Skeletal System Shark How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s skeletal system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s skeletal system work? Iguana How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s skeletal system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s skeletal system work? Eagle How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s skeletal system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s skeletal system work? Human How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s skeletal system? Include any unique characteristics. How does this animal’s skeletal system work? What is similar in all of these skeletal systems? What is different in all of these skeletal systems?

Biodiversity, Or Biological Diversity - 1609 Words

Introduction: Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is a term first coined in 1985 by Walter G. Rosen concerning the number of species in a particular habitat and revolved around the idea that diversity cannot solely be understood through numbers (Maclaurin and Sterelny, 2012). However, before 1985 biodiversity was related to concepts of â€Å"genetic diversity and ecological diversity†. This allowed to further define ecological diversity with species richness as â€Å"the number of species in a community of organism†. Biodiversity is more than just the amount of species in an area but rather better measured by taxic measures, molecular measures, and phylogenetic measures (Harper and Hawksworth, 1994). Today, zoologists have estimated that†¦show more content†¦Our method of capture was the pitfall trap (digging a hole in the ground and placing a cup) that was filled with isopropyl alcohol. The independent variables for this experiment included location (habita t 1 vs habitat 2) and sun vs shade. The way biodiversity was measured through the arthropod collection project by primarily using statistics including the sum of individual specimens, the sum of taxa, and evenness. The sum of individual specimens allows for the depiction of abundance. The sum of taxa is better known through richness or more specifically how common a certain arthropod is. Lastly, using the Burger- Parker index, evenness is the â€Å"lack of dominance† which is known as â€Å"1/Pm† (UNO Department of Biological Sciences,1999). Methods: This experiment was conducted in New Orleans and Kenner, Louisiana which are located in Orleans and Jefferson Parish, however, Kenner is more suburban rather than city. Conducting this experiment required setting out eight pitfall traps (four in each habitat) which were labelled cups one through eight. 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10 Spanish Conquistadors of the New World